According to Peter Machamer's "A Brief Historical Introduction to the Philosophy of Science" (The Blackwell Guide to the Philosophy of Science, p. 7)
... classical mechanics was not axiomatized until 1949 ...
Machamer does not include a citation here, but nor does this fact seem to belong to "general knowledge".
Who first axiomatized classical mechanics (in 1949), and where can I read more about historical attempts to axiomatize classical mechanics?