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The study of celestial objects and phenomena outside of the Earth's atmosphere.

1 vote
0 answers
98 views

Were ancient astronomers (Babylonians, Egyptians or Greeks) aware of the solar analemma?

Is there any proof or even just indication that they did: I can't find anything online and was hoping for some help.
Adrien Hingert's user avatar
6 votes
1 answer
1k views

Could ancient astronomers have proven heliocentrism?

Could ancient astronomers have proven heliocentrism and, if so, how could they have done so?
Adrien Hingert's user avatar
1 vote
1 answer
104 views

Ancient parallax

When ancient Greeks could not observe any parallax, what were the two bodies they were looking at to determine this? I imagine the stars (or a specific star) would have been one of these, but what was …
Adrien Hingert's user avatar
4 votes
1 answer
273 views

How did Hipparchus measure the length of the tropical year?

My understanding is that he counted the number of days between every other equinox. The first year he would have counted 365 days, but after 4 years the tally would have reached 1461 days. Dividing th …
Adrien Hingert's user avatar
3 votes
2 answers
824 views

How did the ancients determine the exact time of equinoxes and solstices?

Hipparchus seems to have known that 94.5 days passed from the winter solstice to vernal equinox. How did he measure this? Equinoxes and solstices don't happen only at noon when the Sun is highest, but …
Adrien Hingert's user avatar
2 votes
1 answer
151 views

Did the Ptolemaic system have rotating center of the deferent for Venus?

I've come across this diagram of the Ptolemaic model. Am I understanding correctly that this means that all the planets' deferents rotate around a point which next to Earth, while Venus' deferent rota …
Adrien Hingert's user avatar