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The use of color to refer to the "color charge" characteristic of QCD is present in Gell-Mann, Fritzsch and Bardeen's original work from 1972. This terminology was apparently due to Gell-Mann:
"They had actually begun exploring this possibility in their earlier paper at the Tel Aviv conference. Now, working with Bardeen, they elaborated on the idea. What ...
4
The etymology of the word "mechanics" is irrelevant here. In 18th century, when this concept prevailed "mechanics" meant a part of physics as we know it now: mechanics created by Galileo and Newton.
The word itself arises in Hellenistic Greece, when the only part of mechanics known at that time was statics. It had a lot of technical applications (building, ...
2
"Hat der Körper eine gleichmäßige Geschwindigkeit in ruhender Luft, so wird auch in der den Körper umgebenden Luft eine gleichmäßige Bewegung eintreten, die im wesentlichen darin besteht, daß die Luft vor dem Körper sich auseinander thut und hinter dem Körper wieder zusammengeht."
Otto Lilienthal 1889
Which translates as
"If the body has a constant speed ...
2
Fundamentally, as the field of Statistical Mechanics (aka Thermodynamics) developed, it became possible to define temperature based on fundamental units and constants. As you probably know, temperature in general is defined as something proportional to the logarithm of the number of available energy states in the system. To keep people's brains from ...
1
In researching this question and discussing with @conifold I came to two conclusions. Firstly, that Priestly was active and interactive in the scientific community almost to the month of his death. Secondly, that there is far less support for the suggestion that it is believed that he was rejected from the scientific community due to the Phlogiston debate ...
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