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The study of celestial objects and phenomena outside of the Earth's atmosphere.

20 votes
1 answer
4k views

How did Babylonians figure out that the evening star is the morning star?

Hesperus (Roman Vesper) is the name ancient Greeks gave to the evening star that appears in the sky for an hour after the Sun sets. Phosphorus (Roman Lucifer, sic!), was the name of the morning star t …
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14 votes
3 answers
709 views

What happened in astronomy between Hipparchus and Ptolemy?

Hipparchus applied Apollonius's epicycle/eccenter construction to the motion of the Sun and the Moon, but not to the planets. There are speculations about epicyclic gears for planets in the Antikyther …
Conifold's user avatar
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18 votes
1 answer
598 views

Did Archimedes use epicycles in his planetarium?

Archimedes constructed a planetarium where as described by Cicero "he had thought out a way to represent accurately by a single device for turning the globe those various and divergent movements with …
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28 votes
2 answers
3k views

What attracted Einstein to the anomalous precession of Mercury?

Einstein's early work seems to be rather distant from astronomy. … Even general relativity was driven by philosophical concerns about general covariance, etc., rather than empirical issues in astronomy. …
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